Características demográficas, clínicas y reacciones adversas de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad: consumidores de orlistat atendidos por centro de atención telefónica (2009 ­ 2017) / Demographic and clinical characteristics, and adverse reactions of people with overweight and obesity consumers of orlistat, attended by a call center (2009 ­ 2017)

Resumen Introducción Las enfermedades crónicas van en ascenso y están asociadas al incremento ponderal. Se requieren estrategias multidisciplinarias para su control. Métodos El diseño es descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo. Los objetivos de esta comunicación son describir las características demográficas, clínicas y reacciones adversas de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad consumidores de orlistat, atendidos por un centro de atención telefónica durante el periodo 2009 a 2017; e identificar al profesional de la salud más consultado por ellos. La información se obtuvo desde una base de datos existente de un programa de atención a personas con sobrepeso u obesidad, interesadas en usar orlistat (prospectos) o usuarios (pacientes). El estudio se llevó a cabo en México y duró siete años. Las variables estudiadas fueron demográficas, clínicas y reacciones adversas. Resultados Se reunieron 311 913 solicitudes de 126 607 sujetos (104 711 prospectos interesados en consumir orlistat y 21 896 pacientes que ya lo tomaban). Las principales actividades fueron llamadas al sujeto (35,9%). Hubo 104 711 solicitudes: 82 810 (79,1%) prospectos y 21 896 (20,9%) pacientes. El 79,9% fue de sexo femenino. El intervalo de edad predominante fue de 32 a 45 años. Se detectaron 43 reacciones adversas (0,02%); las más comunes fueron dolor abdominal (0,05%) y cefalea (0,03%). Conclusiones La población más interesada en el control ponderal en este estudio es la femenina (79,9%) y el grupo etario de 32 a 45 años. El profesional más consultado fue el nutriólogo. Solo se obtuvo el índice de masa corporal (29,2 kilogramos por metro cuadrado) de los sujetos que desarrollaron 43 reacciones adversas, las más comunes fueron dolor abdominal y cefalea.

Introduction Chronic diseases are on the rise and are associated with weight gain. Multidisciplinary strategies are required for its control. Methods The design was descriptive, observational and retrospective. The objectives of this communication were to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics and adverse reactions of overweight and obese people who were consumers of orlistat, attended by a call center during the period 2009 to 2017; and to identify the healthcare professional most consulted by them. The information was obtained from an existing database of a program of attention to people with overweight or obesity, interested in using orlistat (prospects) or users (patients). The study was carried out in Mexico and lasted seven years. The variables studied were demographic, clinical and adverse reactions. Results A total of 311,913 requests were collected from 126 607 subjects (104 711 prospects interested in consuming orlistat and 21 896 patients who already took it). The main activities were phone calls to the subject (35.9%). There were 104 711 requests: 82 810 (79.1%) prospects and 21 896 (20.9%) patients. 79.9% of all were female. The predominant age interval was 32 to 45 years. 43 adverse reactions (0.02%) were detected; the most common were abdominal pain (0.05%) and headache (0.03%). Conclusions The population most interested in weight control in this study was the female population (79.9%) and the age group from 32 to 45 years. The most consulted healthcare professional was the nutritionist. Only the body mass index (29.2 kilograms per square meter) of the subjects who developed 43 adverse reactions was obtained. There were 43 adverse reactions, the most common being abdominal pain and headache.

Medicamentos que favorecen la pérdida de peso y el control metabólico en las personas obesas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Drugs for loss of weight and metabolic control in obese persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introducción: la obesidad es una enfermedad compleja y multifactorial, frecuente, creciente, que afecta a casi todos los países, independientemente de su desarrollo económico, a ambos sexos, a todas las edades y grupos sociales. Genera importantes costos al sistema de salud, en particular cuando se vincula con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. En tal sentido se hace necesario optimizar el tratamiento en estos pacientes. Objetivos: describir los medicamentos que deben ser usados en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que presentan sobrepeso u obesidad, con el objetivo de obtener un buen control metabólico y favorecer la pérdida de peso, o al menos, evitar su aumento. Desarrollo: la relación entre la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y el exceso de peso está bien establecida. El tratamiento con hipoglucemiantes como sulfonilureas, meglitinidas, tiazolidinedionas, e incluso insulina, pueden ocasionar un aumento de peso como efecto secundario potencial; por tanto, es necesario el empleo en estas personas de fármacos que atenúen la ganancia de peso. Conclusiones: el uso de metformina y el análogo de insulina detemir en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y sobrepeso corporal, se asocia a un efecto neutral o a una modesta pérdida de peso corporal. Los inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa-4, sitagliptina y vildagliptina tienen un efecto neutro sobre el peso, mientras que los agonistas del receptor de glucagon-like peptide 1, exenatide y liraglutide, así como el análogo de amilina, pramlintide, promueven la pérdida de peso(AU)

Introduction: obesity is a growing complex and multifactoral disease that frequently affects people from sexes, age groups and social segments in almost all the countries regardless of their economic development. It brings about substantial costs for the health care system, particularly when it is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this regard, it is necessary to optimize the medical treatment for these patients. Objectives: to describe the drugs that should be used in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who present with overweight or obesity, in order to keep good metabolic control and encourage loss of weight or at least to avoid weight gain. Development: the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus and excessive weight is well-established. The treatment with hypoglycemic such as sulphonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidonediones and even insulin, may cause weight gain as a potential secondary effect and therefore, it is necessary to use drugs diminishing the weight gain in these persons. Conclusions: the use of metformine and insulin analogue called detemir in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and body overweight is associated to neutral effect or to modest loss of body weight. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4, sitagliptin and vildagliptin inhibitors have neutral effect on weight whereas the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists called exenatide and liraglutide as well as amiline analogue called pramlintide encourage loss of weight(AU)

Prevalence of weight-loss strategies and use of substances for weight-loss among adults: a population study / Prevalência de estratégias de emagrecimento e uso de substâncias para perder peso entre adultos: um estudo populacional

This paper concerns a cross-sectional population-based study conducted with adults living in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. It aims to determine the prevalence of weight-loss practices and use of substances for weight-loss during the 12 months preceding the interview. The prevalence of weight-loss attempts was 26.6%. Although dietary control and regular physical exercise were the most commonly used strategies, the prevalence of the combined use of these methods was only 36% for individuals trying to lose weight. The prevalence of use of substances for weight-loss was 12.8% (48.4% of those who tried to lose weight). The use of dietary control and substances was more common among women, while men practiced physical exercise with greater frequency. Teas were the most frequently used substances for weight-loss. Multivariate analysis identified being female, excess weight and self-perception of excess weight as major associated factors for the use of substances for weight-loss. Finally, we found that, although weight-loss attempts are common, the majority of obese individuals do not make attempts to lose weight and only a minority follows the recommended practices.

Estudo transversal de base populacional conduzido com adultos residentes na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, que objetivou determinar a prevalência de práticas de emagrecimento e uso de substâncias para emagrecer, nos últimos 12 meses antes da entrevista. A prevalência de tentativas de emagrecimento foi de 26,6%. Controle dietético e prática regular de exercícios físicos foram as estratégias mais frequentes, mas apenas 36% daqueles que tentaram emagrecer combinaram-nas. A prevalência do uso de substâncias para emagrecer foi de 12,8% (48,4% daqueles que tentaram emagrecer). Mulheres utilizaram controle dietético e substâncias mais frequentemente do que homens, enquanto estes utilizaram mais exercícios físicos. As substâncias de uso mais frequente foram os chás. A análise ajustada identificou sexo feminino, excesso de peso e percepção do excesso de peso como os maiores fatores associados ao uso de substâncias. Assim, identificamos que tentativas de emagrecimento são frequentes, porém, não são referidas pela maioria dos obesos e apenas uma minoria daqueles que tentam emagrecer segue as práticas recomendadas.

Anti-obesity effects of Lysimachia foenum-graecum characterized by decreased adipogenesis and regulated lipid metabolism

Lysimachia foenum-graecum has been used as an oriental medicine with anti-inflammatory effect. The anti-obesity effect of L. foenum-graecum extract (LFE) was first discovered in our screening of natural product extract library against adipogenesis. To characterize its anti-obesity effects and to evaluate its potential as an anti-obesity drug, we performed various obesity-related experiments in vitro and in vivo. In adipogenesis assay, LFE blocked the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 2.5 microg/ml. In addition, LFE suppressed the expression of lipogenic genes, while increasing the expression of lipolytic genes in vitro at 10 microg/ml and in vivo at 100 mg/kg/day. The anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic effect of LFE seems to be mediated by the inhibition of PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha expression as shown in in vitro and in vivo, and the suppression of PPARgamma activity in vitro. Moreover, LFE stimulated fatty acid oxidation in an AMPK-dependent manner. In high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice (n = 8/group), oral administration of LFE at 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg/day decreased total body weight gain significantly in all doses tested. No difference in food intake was observed between vehicle- and LFE-treated HFD mice. The weight of white adipose tissues including abdominal subcutaneous, epididymal, and perirenal adipose tissue was reduced markedly in LFE-treated HFD mice in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of LFE also greatly improved serum levels of obesity-related biomarkers such as glucose, triglycerides, and adipocytokines leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. All together, these results showed anti-obesity effects of LFE on adipogenesis and lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo and raised a possibility of developing LFE as anti-obesity therapeutics.

TSH levels associated with slimming pill use in a population-based study of brazilian women

OBJECTIVE: To determine the consumption of slimming pills (SP) and its association with TSH levels. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A survey was carried out in Rio de Janeiro (about 5 million inhabitants), Brazil, from June 2004 to April 2005. Households (1,500) were selected using three-stage probability sampling. Women were asked about use of SP, and blood sample was collected. Women were classified as users of SP any time in life, but not in previous two months (n = 293), current users (n = 150), and never users (n = 853). Weighted multivariate regression analyses compared TSH levels among these groups of users. RESULTS: The frequency of use of SP any time in life was 34 percent and the use in the previous two months was 11 percent. Both frequencies were greater among younger and obese women, and among those of high socioeconomic level (p-value < 0.001). TSH level was statistically lower among current users of SP (1.96 mUI/ml; 95 percentCI = 1.93-1.98) compared to previous users 2.83 mUI/ml (95 percentCI = 2.13-3.02) and never users 2.59 mUI/ml (95 percentCI = 2.20-3.21). These differences were still statistically significant after adjusting for age and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Use of SP decreased TSH levels among Brazilian women.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a freqüência de uso de fórmulas para emagrecer e sua associação com níveis de TSH. METODOLOGIA: Pesquisa realizada no Rio de Janeiro (5 milhões de habitantes), Brasil, de junho de 2004 a abril de 2005. A população de estudo foram mulheres com 35 anos ou mais, residentes em domicílios particulares permanentes do município do Rio de Janeiro não grávidas e não lactantes. A amostra de domicílios foi obtida por amostragem probabilística conglomerada em três estágios de seleção. As mulheres tiveram amostras de sangue coletadas e responderam a questões sobre uso de fórmulas, chás ou remédios para emagrecer. Quanto ao uso de fórmulas as mulheres foram classificadas em usuárias alguma vez na vida (n = 293), usuárias nos últimos dois meses (n = 150) e não usuárias (n = 853). Os níveis de TSH desses grupos foram comparados através de análise de regressão multivariada, levando em conta o desenho da amostra. RESULTADOS: O uso de fórmulas alguma vez na vida foi relatado por 34 por cento das mulheres e 11 por cento relataram tê-las consumido nos últimos dois meses. As freqüências foram maiores entre as mulheres mais jovens e obesas e de nível sócio-econômico mais elevado (valor de p < 0,001). Os níveis de TSH foram estatisticamente menores entre as usuárias de fórmulas (1,96 mUI/ml; IC 95 por cento = 1,93-1,98) comparados com usuárias prévias 2,83 mUI/ml (IC 95 por cento = 2,13-3,02) e não usuárias 2,59 mUI/ml (IC 95 por cento = 2,20-3,21). As diferenças entre os grupos mantiveram-se estatisticamente significantes após o ajuste por idade e índice de massa corporal. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de fórmulas para emagrecer diminuiu os níveis de TSH em mulheres brasileiras.